摘要：医用污水处理设备是一种特殊的废水处理设备，可以有效消减废水的有害物质、营养物质，可以有效降低污染物的排放，减少对环境的危害。本文通过分析市场情况，概述了目前应用于医用污水处理设备中的主要技术，包括沉淀法、滤池法、反渗透法、光解法、催化氧化法和生物处理法。在每种技术处理方法中，对其特点、应用范围、现有问题和未来发展方向进行了深入探讨，并进行了比较和总结。最后，根据相关研究成果，提出了医用污水处理设备的发展建议。

关键词：医用污水处理设备；沉淀法；滤池法；反渗透法；光解法；催化氧化法；生物处理法

Introduction

Medical waste is a particular type of hazardous waste. It may contain harmful substances, toxic substances, and infectious agents. Therefore, the treatment of medical waste is very important in the medical industry. Medical sewage treatment equipment is a kind of special wastewater treatment equipment which can effectively reduce the harmful substances, nutritional substances and reduce the emission of pollutants, and reduce the harm to the environment. This article will introduce and analyze the main technical methods applied in medical sewage treatment equipment and make some suggestions for the development.

Analysis of Market

Currently, there are a variety of technologies applied in medical sewage treatment equipment, such as sedimentation method, filtration pool method, reverse osmosis method, photochemical method, catalytic oxidation method, and biological treatment method. Each of these technical methods has their own advantages, the application scope of them are different, at the same time, they have certain existing problems and needs to be further developed.

Sedimentation Method

Sedimentation method is a general method for wastewater treatment. It is widely applied in the treatment of medical sewage. The principle of sedimentation method is based on the difference of gravitation sedimentation velocity between pollutants and water. The basic process of the sedimentation of the medical sewage is in a quiescent state, and one or more layers of the pollutants are separated by their respective sedimentation velocities in the settling tank. This method has the advantages of simple process and low cost, but the treated water can't meet the national wastewater discharge standards.

Filtration Pool Method

Filtration pool method is also a commonly used method for medical sewage treatment. The filtration pool is composed of filtration media and pool beds, so that the purification of pollutants in water can be achieved by using the difference in density of suspended particles, the relatively uniformity of particles and the effect of gravity on the particles. This method has a high degree of purification, and it can achieve the standard of medical sewage discharge according to the type of media used. However, due to the complexity of raw water and high cost of filtration, it is not suitable for large-flow wastewater treatment.

Reverse Osmosis Method

Reverse osmosis method, also known as RO method, is one of the most widely used technologies in the medical sewage treatment industry. Through the pressure and filtration of a semi-permeable RO membrane, this technology can effectively remove ions, proteins, polysaccharides and colloids in the medical sewage. It has the advantages of high efficiency in purification, but the cost is high, and the problems of low recovery rate and membrane fouling occur easily.

Photochemical Method

Photochemical method is a physical and chemical water treatment method which uses the energy of light to trigger a reaction that can enhance the removal of pollutants. This method can be applied in the treatment of medical sewage, and it can make the pollutants decompose or adsorb quickly through the catalyst in the photochemical reactor. The positive side of this method is that it can solve the organic pollution issue significantly, however, it has a shortcoming of short reaction time and large equipment size.

Catalytic Oxidation Method

Catalytic oxidation method is a catalytic reaction process that uses the catalytic activity of catalytic oxidation materials for the treatment of medical sewage. It can effectively remove a variety of organic pollutants, and it has been widely used in medical sewage treatment due to its advantages such as simple operation, low cost and high efficiency. However, this method also has certain existing problems such as corrosion of catalysts and difficulties in the regeneration of catalysts.

Biological Treatment Method

Biological treatment method is to use efficient microorganism to decompose the complex organic pollutants in the medical sewage, and achieve the goal of purifying the water. This method can achieve higher efficiency compared with the traditional physical and chemical methods, and it can realize the comprehensive treatment of pollutants, saving energy and reducing costs. But in addition, the fungal sludge generated in the process also needs to be further treated and disposed.

Conclusion

To sum up, the main technical methods currently used in medical sewage treatment equipment are sedimentation method, filtration pool method, reverse osmosis method, photochemical method, catalytic oxidation method, and biological treatment method. The application scope, characteristics, existing problems and future development directions of these technical methods have been discussed and summarized in this article. In the face of the current situation of medical sewage treatment, the development of medical sewage treatment equipment should be oriented in terms of technologies such as membrane separation and photocatalysis, in order to achieve better discharge of medical sewage and reduce the environmental pollution caused by sewage.